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SS Parthia (1870)
The SS ''Parthia'' (1870–1956) was an iron-hulled transatlantic ocean liner built for the Cunard Line by William Denny and Brothers in Dumbarton, Scotland. Her sister ships were the ''Abyssinia'' and ''Algeria''. Unlike her two sisters, ''Parthia'' was smaller, built in a different shipyard and had a slightly different funnel arrangement. The ''Parthia'' was retired by Cunard in 1883 and sold to John Elder & Co., who subsequently transferred her to the Guion Line. After serving with the Guion Line and operating on transpacific routes with the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, she was refit and renamed ''Victoria''. Under her new owners, the Northern Pacific Steamship Company, ''Victoria'' began operating out of Puget Sound in Washington state. In 1898, she was resold to the North American Mail Steamship Company and transferred to American registry. Due to this, ''Victoria'' was used as a troopship in the Spanish American War, carrying troops to Manila in the Philippines. In 1900, she served with various owners along a route from Puget Sound to Nome, Alaska until she ended up with the Alaska Steamship Company in 1908. ''Victoria'' was then operated between San Francisco, California to Nome, Alaska, via Seattle, Washington. In 1924, the ''Victoria'', now 54 years old, underwent a massive refit, which added oil fired boilers, larger superstructure and an enclosed bridge to her ageing hull. In 1934, ''Victoria'' inaugurated the first Alaskan cruise for her owners, calling to Nome and Kotzebue in Alaska. In 1935, ''Victoria'' was laid up in Seattle for 3 years and was converted to cargo only in 1940. From 1941 to 1947, the U.S. War Administration used her on 46 voyages to Alaska. In 1952, she was sold for scrap to Dulien Steel Products, a firm on Lake Washington. Instead, she was converted into a barge and used by the Straits Towing and Salvage Company as the ''Straits No. 27'' until 1956, when she was renamed ''Straits Maru'' and scrapped in Osaka.
==History==
Following the bankruptcy of its great rival, the Collins Line, the Cunard Line became the largest shipping company on the North Atlantic. In the late 1860s, Cunard management decided to order a trio of modern liners to hold their yet unchallenged title. The three ships would feature flush decks, an open bridge, three masts with barque rig sails and a single funnel. They would also be the first Cunard vessels to utilize bathrooms.〔
The first two liners, ''Abyssinia'' and ''Algeria'', were constructed by J & G Thomson in Glasgow. The third and smallest of the three, ''Parthia'', was to be built at William Denny and Brothers in Dumbarton. On February 2, 1870, the keel of the ''Parthia'' was laid. Little more than seven months later on September 10, the ''Parthia's'' completed hull was launched. Her fitting out was completed a few months later. Her total construction cost was £94,970.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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